IOS常见的几种手势正确操作

来源:爱站网时间:2018-09-20编辑:网友分享
下面就由爱站频道的小编分享一篇关于IOS常见的几种手势正确操作吧!(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)的相关内容。感兴趣的朋友跟小编一起来了解一下吧!

  下面就由爱站频道的小编分享一篇关于IOS常见的几种手势正确操作吧!(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)的相关内容。感兴趣的朋友跟小编一起来了解一下吧!

  1、UIGestureRecognizer 介绍

  手势识别在 iOS 中非常重要,他极大地提高了移动设备的使用便捷性。

  iOS 系统在 3.2 以后,他提供了一些常用的手势(UIGestureRecognizer 的子类),开发者可以直接使用他们进行手势操作。

  UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动)

  UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)

  UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)

  UITapGestureRecognizer(点按)

  UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)

  ​UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)

  另外,可以通过继承 UIGestureRecognizer 类,实现自定义手势(手势识别器类)。

  PS:自定义手势时,需要 #import ,一般需实现如下方法:

  复制代码 代码如下:

  - (void)reset;

  - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

  - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

  - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

  - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

  //以上方法在分类 UIGestureRecognizer (UIGestureRecognizerProtected) 中声明,更多方法声明请自行查看

  UIGestureRecognizer 的继承关系如下:

  2、手势状态

  在六种手势识别中,只有一种手势是离散型手势,他就是 UITapGestureRecognizer。

  离散型手势的特点就是:一旦识别就无法取消,而且只会调用一次手势操作事件(初始化手势时指定的回调方法)。

  ​换句话说其他五种手势是连续型手势,而连续型手势的特点就是:会多次调用手势操作事件,而且在连续手势识别后可以取消手势。从下图可以看出两者调用操作事件的次数是不同的:

  手势状态枚举如下:

  复制代码 代码如下:

  typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {

  UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible, // 尚未识别是何种手势操作(但可能已经触发了触摸事件),默认状态

  UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan, // 手势已经开始,此时已经被识别,但是这个过程中可能发生变化,手势操作尚未完成

  UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged, // 手势状态发生转变

  UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded, // 手势识别操作完成(此时已经松开手指)

  UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, // 手势被取消,恢复到默认状态

  UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed, // 手势识别失败,恢复到默认状态

  UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手势识别完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded

  };

  对于离散型手势 UITapGestureRecgnizer 要么被识别,要么失败,点按(假设点按次数设置为1,并且没有添加长按手势)下去一次不松开则此时什么也不会发生,松开手指立即识别并调用操作事件,并且状态为3(已完成)。

  但是连续型手势要复杂一些,就拿旋转手势来说,如果两个手指点下去不做任何操作,此时并不能识别手势(因为我们还没旋转)但是其实已经触发了触摸开始事件,此时处于状态0;如果此时旋转会被识别,也就会调用对应的操作事件,同时状态变成1(手势开始),但是状态1只有一瞬间;紧接着状态变为2(因为我们的旋转需要持续一会),并且重复调用操作事件(如果在事件中打印状态会重复打印2);松开手指,此时状态变为3,并调用1次操作事件。

  3、使用手势的步骤

  使用手势很简单,分为三步:

  创建手势识别器对象实例。创建时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,执行回调方法。

  设置手势识别器对象实例的相关属性(可选部分)

  添加到需要识别的 View 中。每个手势只对应一个 View,当屏幕触摸在 View 的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会执行回调方法。

  PS:一个手势只能对应一个 View,但是一个 View 可以有多个手势。建议在真机上测试这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致认为手势失效的情况。(模拟器测试捏合和旋转手势时,按住 option 键,再用触摸板或鼠标操作)

  4、举例说明

  功能描述:

  附加到两个图片视图 UIImageView 的有『拖动』、『捏合』、『旋转』、『点按』;

  而『轻扫』和『自定义手势 KMGestureRecognizer』附加在根视图 UIView 中。

  拖动:进行当前图片视图位置移动

  捏合:进行当前图片视图缩放

  旋转:进行当前图片视图角度旋转

  点按:双击恢复当前图片视图的缩放、角度旋转、不透明度

  长按:设置当前图片视图的不透明度为0.7

  轻扫:左右轻扫设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以垂直居中的特定偏移量定位

  自定义手势:挠痒功能,左右扫动共3次或以上,设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以水平居中的特定偏移量定位

  效果如下:

  KMGestureRecognizer.h

  #import

  typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, Direction) {

  DirectionUnknown,

  DirectionLeft,

  DirectionRight

  };

  @interface KMGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer

  @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger tickleCount; //挠痒次数

  @property (assign, nonatomic) CGPoint currentTickleStart; //当前挠痒开始坐标位置

  @property (assign, nonatomic) Direction lastDirection; //最后一次挠痒方向

  @end

  KMGestureRecognizer.m

  #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"

  #import

  @implementation KMGestureRecognizer

  #define kMinTickleSpacing 20.0

  #define kMaxTickleCount 3

  - (void)reset {

  _tickleCount = 0;

  _currentTickleStart = CGPointZero;

  _lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;

  if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {

  self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;

  }

  }

  - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

  UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];

  _currentTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; //设置当前挠痒开始坐标位置

  }

  - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

  //『当前挠痒开始坐标位置』和『移动后坐标位置』进行 X 轴值比较,得到是向左还是向右移动

  UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];

  CGPoint tickleEnd = [touch locationInView:self.view];

  CGFloat tickleSpacing = tickleEnd.x - _currentTickleStart.x;

  Direction currentDirection = tickleSpacing

  //移动的 X 轴间距值是否符合要求,足够大

  if (ABS(tickleSpacing) >= kMinTickleSpacing) {

  //判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法

  if (_lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||

  (_lastDirection == DirectionLeft && currentDirection == DirectionRight) ||

  (_lastDirection == DirectionRight && currentDirection == DirectionLeft)) {

  _tickleCount++;

  _currentTickleStart = tickleEnd;

  _lastDirection = currentDirection;

  if (_tickleCount >= kMaxTickleCount && self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {

  self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded;

  //NSLog(@"自定义手势成功,将执行回调方法");

  }

  }

  }

  }

  - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

  [self reset];

  }

  - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

  [self reset];

  }

  @end

  ViewController.h

  #import

  #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"

  @interface ViewController : UIViewController

  @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV;

  @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV2;

  @property (strong, nonatomic) KMGestureRecognizer *customGestureRecognizer;

  @end

  ViewController.m

  #import "ViewController.h"

  @interface ViewController ()

  - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;

  - (void)bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;

  - (void)bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;

  - (void)bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;

  - (void)bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;

  - (void)bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;

  - (void)bindSwipe;

  - (void)bingCustomGestureRecognizer;

  - (void)layoutUI;

  @end

  @implementation ViewController

  - (void)viewDidLoad {

  [super viewDidLoad];

  [self layoutUI];

  }

  - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {

  [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];

  // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

  }

  #pragma mark - 处理手势操作

  /**

  * 处理拖动手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 拖动手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  //视图前置操作

  [recognizer.view.superview bringSubviewToFront:recognizer.view];

  CGPoint center = recognizer.view.center;

  CGFloat cornerRadius = recognizer.view.frame.size.width / 2;

  CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];

  //NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translation));

  recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x + translation.x, center.y + translation.y);

  [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];

  if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {

  //计算速度向量的长度,当他小于200时,滑行会很短

  CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];

  CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));

  CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;

  //NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); //e.g. 397.973175, slideMult: 1.989866

  //基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点

  float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult;

  CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),

  center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));

  //限制最小[cornerRadius]和最大边界值[self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius],以免拖动出屏幕界限

  finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, cornerRadius),

  self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius);

  finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, cornerRadius),

  self.view.bounds.size.height - cornerRadius);

  //使用 UIView 动画使 view 滑行到终点

  [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2

  delay:0

  options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut

  animations:^{

  recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;

  }

  completion:nil];

  }

  }

  /**

  * 处理捏合手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 捏合手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  CGFloat scale = recognizer.scale;

  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, scale, scale); //在已缩放大小基础下进行累加变化;区别于:使用 CGAffineTransformMakeScale 方法就是在原大小基础下进行变化

  recognizer.scale = 1.0;

  }

  /**

  * 处理旋转手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 旋转手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);

  recognizer.rotation = 0.0;

  }

  /**

  * 处理点按手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  UIView *view = recognizer.view;

  view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.0, 1.0);

  view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(0.0);

  view.alpha = 1.0;

  }

  /**

  * 处理长按手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  //长按的时候,设置不透明度为0.7

  recognizer.view.alpha = 0.7;

  }

  /**

  * 处理轻扫手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 轻扫手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  //代码块方式封装操作方法

  void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {

  CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;

  newPoint.y -= 20.0;

  _imgV.center = newPoint;

  newPoint.y += 40.0;

  _imgV2.center = newPoint;

  };

  //根据轻扫方向,进行不同控制

  switch (recognizer.direction) {

  case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight: {

  positionOperation();

  break;

  }

  case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft: {

  positionOperation();

  break;

  }

  case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp: {

  break;

  }

  case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown: {

  break;

  }

  }

  }

  /**

  * 处理自定义手势

  *

  * @param recognizer 自定义手势识别器对象实例

  */

  - (void)handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

  //代码块方式封装操作方法

  void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {

  CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;

  newPoint.x -= 20.0;

  _imgV.center = newPoint;

  newPoint.x += 40.0;

  _imgV2.center = newPoint;

  };

  positionOperation();

  }

  #pragma mark - 绑定手势操作

  /**

  * 绑定拖动手势

  *

  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例

  */

  - (void)bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {

  UIPanGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handlePan:)];

  [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  }

  /**

  * 绑定捏合手势

  *

  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例

  */

  - (void)bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {

  UIPinchGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handlePinch:)];

  [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  //[recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:imgVCustom.gestureRecognizers.firstObject];

  }

  /**

  * 绑定旋转手势

  *

  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例

  */

  - (void)bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {

  UIRotationGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handleRotation:)];

  [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  }

  /**

  * 绑定点按手势

  *

  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例

  */

  - (void)bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {

  UITapGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handleTap:)];

  //使用一根手指双击时,才触发点按手势识别器

  recognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;

  recognizer.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;

  [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  }

  /**

  * 绑定长按手势

  *

  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例

  */

  - (void)bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {

  UILongPressGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleLongPress:)];

  recognizer.minimumPressDuration = 0.5; //设置最小长按时间;默认为0.5秒

  [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  }

  /**

  * 绑定轻扫手势;支持四个方向的轻扫,但是不同的方向要分别定义轻扫手势

  */

  - (void)bindSwipe {

  //向右轻扫手势

  UISwipeGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handleSwipe:)];

  recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight; //设置轻扫方向;默认是 UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight,即向右轻扫

  [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别

  //向左轻扫手势

  recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handleSwipe:)];

  recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;

  [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];

  [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别

  }

  /**

  * 绑定自定义挠痒手势;判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法

  */

  - (void)bingCustomGestureRecognizer {

  //当 recognizer.state 为 UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded 时,才执行回调方法 handleCustomGestureRecognizer:

  //_customGestureRecognizer = [KMGestureRecognizer new];

  _customGestureRecognizer = [[KMGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self

  action:@selector(handleCustomGestureRecognizer:)];

  [self.view addGestureRecognizer:_customGestureRecognizer];

  }

  - (void)layoutUI {

  //图片视图 _imgV

  UIImage *img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Emoticon_tusiji_icon"];

  CGFloat cornerRadius = img.size.width;

  _imgV = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];

  _imgV.frame = CGRectMake(20.0, 20.0,

  cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2);

  _imgV.userInteractionEnabled = YES;

  _imgV.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

  _imgV.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;

  _imgV.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;

  _imgV.layer.borderColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;

  [self.view addSubview:_imgV];

  //图片视图 _imgV2

  img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Emoticon_tusiji_icon2"];

  cornerRadius = img.size.width;

  _imgV2 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];

  _imgV2.frame = CGRectMake(20.0, 40.0 + _imgV.frame.size.height,

  cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2);

  _imgV2.userInteractionEnabled = YES;

  _imgV2.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

  _imgV2.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;

  _imgV2.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;

  _imgV2.layer.borderColor = [UIColor orangeColor].CGColor;

  [self.view addSubview:_imgV2];

  [self bindPan:_imgV];

  [self bindPinch:_imgV];

  [self bindRotation:_imgV];

  [self bindTap:_imgV];

  [self bindLongPress:_imgV];

  [self bindPan:_imgV2];

  [self bindPinch:_imgV2];

  [self bindRotation:_imgV2];

  [self bindTap:_imgV2];

  [self bindLongPress:_imgV2];

  //为了处理手势识别优先级的问题,这里需先绑定自定义挠痒手势

  [self bingCustomGestureRecognizer];

  [self bindSwipe];

  }

  @end

  以上代码就是关于IOS常见的几种手势正确操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)的详解,希望对大家有所帮助。

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