Objective-C中使用NSString类操作字符串的方法有哪些
在IOS开发过程中,我们可能会遇到许多关于字符串的编程,字符串是一种常见的数据类型,以下是爱站技术频道小编介绍的Objective-C中使用NSString类操作字符串的方法有哪些,一起进入下文了解一下吧!
一、字符串切割
1、带节点的字符串,如@\\\"
讨厌的节点
处理方法:
NSString *string1 = @\\\"
讨厌的节点
/*此处将不想要的字符全部放进characterSet1中,不需另外加逗号或空格之类的,除非字符串中有你想要去除的空格,此处
NSCharacterSet *characterSet1 = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@\\\"
\\\"];
// 将string1按characterSet1中的元素分割成数组
NSArray *array1 = [string1 componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:characterSet1];
NSLog(@\\\"array = %@\\\",array1);
for(NSString *string1 in array1)
{
if ([string1 length]>0) {
// 此处string即为中文字符串
NSLog(@\\\"string = %@\\\",string1);
}
}
打印结果:
2016-01-17 10:55:34.017 string[17634:303] array = ( \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\\U8ba8\\\\U538c\\\\U7684\\\\U8282\\\\U70b9\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\" ) 2016-01-17 10:55:34.049 string[17634:303] string = 讨厌的节点
2、带空格的字符串,如
@\\\"hello world\\\"去掉空格
NSString *string2 = @\\\"hello world\\\";
/*处理空格*/
NSCharacterSet *characterSet2 = [NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet];
// 将string1按characterSet1中的元素分割成数组
NSArray *array2 = [string2 componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:characterSet2];
NSLog(@\\\"\\\\narray = %@\\\",array2);
// 用来存放处理后的字符串
NSMutableString *newString1 = [NSMutableString string];
for(NSString *string in array1)
{
[newString1 appendString:string];
}
NSLog(@\\\"newString = %@\\\", newString1);
打印结果:
2016-01-17 11:02:49.656 string[17889:303] array = ( hello, world ) 2016-01-17 11:02:49.657 string[17889:303] newString = helloworld
PS:处理字母等其他元素只需将NSCharacterSet的值改变即可。
+ (id)controlCharacterSet;
+ (id)whitespaceCharacterSet;
+ (id)whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet;
+ (id)decimalDigitCharacterSet;
+ (id)letterCharacterSet;
+ (id)lowercaseLetterCharacterSet;
+ (id)uppercaseLetterCharacterSet;
+ (id)nonBaseCharacterSet;
+ (id)alphanumericCharacterSet;
+ (id)decomposableCharacterSet;
+ (id)illegalCharacterSet;
+ (id)punctuationCharacterSet;
+ (id)capitalizedLetterCharacterSet;
+ (id)symbolCharacterSet;
+ (id)newlineCharacterSet NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
+ (id)characterSetWithRange:(NSRange)aRange;
+ (id)characterSetWithCharactersInString:(NSString *)aString;
+ (id)characterSetWithBitmapRepresentation:(NSData *)data;
+ (id)characterSetWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fName;
二、用字符将NSArray中的元素拼接起来
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@\\\"hello\\\",@\\\"world\\\",nil];
//如要用,:等字符串拼接,只需将下面的@\\\" \\\"空格换成@\\\",\\\"或@\\\":\\\"即可
NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@\\\" \\\"];
NSLog(@\\\"string = %@\\\",string);
打印结果:
hello world
三、截取子串:
这里以获取时间为例,利用NSDate获取到当前时间时,有时候只需要日期或者只需要时间
1、从字符串开头截取到指定的位置,如
//获取到当前日期时间
NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
//定义日期格式,此处不重点讨论NSDate,故不详细说明,在后面会详细讨论
NSDateFormatter *dateformatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
//设置日期格式
[dateformatter setDateFormat:@\\\"YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm\\\"];
//将日期转换成NSString类型
NSString *string = [dateformatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@\\\"\\\\ncurrent = %@\\\",string);
//截取日期substringToIndex
NSString *currentDate = [string substringToIndex:10];
NSLog(@\\\"\\\\ncurrentDate = %@\\\",currentDate);
打印结果:
current = 2016-01-1711:12 currentDate = 2016-01-17
2、抽取中间子串-substringWithRange
//截取月日
NSString *currentMonthAndDate = [string substringWithRange:[NSMakeRange(5, 5)]];
NSLog(@\\\"currentMonthAndDate = %@\\\",currentMonthAndDate);
打印结果:
currentMonthAndDate = 06-27
3、从某一位置开始截取- substringFromIndex
//截取时间substringFromIndex
NSString *currentTime = [string substringFromIndex:11];
NSLog(@\\\"\\\\ncurrentTime = %@\\\",currentTime);\\\\
打印结果:
currentTime = 11:25
四、比较字符串
NSString *first = @\\\"string\\\";
NSString *second = @\\\"String\\\";
1、判断两个字符串是否相同-isEqualToString方法
BOOL isEqual = [first isEqualToString:second];
NSLog(@\\\"first is Equal to second:%@\\\",isEqual);
打印结果:
first is Equal to second:0
2、compare方法比较字符串三个值
NSOrderedSame//是否相同
NSOrderedAscending//升序,按字母顺序比较,大于为真
NSOrderedDescending//降序,按字母顺序比较,小于为真
BOOL result = [first compare:sencond] == NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@\\\"result:%d\\\",result);
打印结果:
result:0
BOOL result = [first compare:second] == NSOrderedAscending;
NSLog(@\\\"result:%d\\\",result);
打印结果:
result:0
BOOL result = [first compare:second] == NSOrderedDecending; NSLog(@\\\"result:%d\\\",result);
打印结果:
result:1
3、不考虑大小写比较字符串
BOOL result = [first compare:second
options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@\\\"result:%d\\\",result);
打印结果:
result:1
五、改变字符串大小写
NSString *aString = @\\\"A String\\\";
NSString *string = @\\\"String\\\";
//大写
NSLog(@\\\"aString:%@\\\",[aString uppercaseString]);
//小写
NSLog(@\\\"string:%@\\\",[string lowercaseString]);
//首字母大小写
NSLog(@\\\"string:%@\\\",[string capitalizedString]);
打印结果:
aString:A STRING string:string string:String
六、在字符串中搜索子串
NSString *string1 = @\\\"This is a string\\\";
NSString *string2 = @\\\"string\\\";
NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
NSUInteger location = range.location;
NSUInteger leight = range.length;
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@\\\"Location:%li,Leight:%li\\\",location,leight]];
NSLog(@\\\"astring:%@\\\",astring);
[astring release];
打印结果:
astring:Location:10,Leight:6
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